When the Retina Splits: Understanding Retinoschisis and Its Impact on Vision
The retina plays a crucial role in vision, capturing light and sending signals to the brain for interpretation. Retinoschisis is a condition where the retina splits into two or more layers, affecting vision in the areas where the split occurs, often in the peripheral or central retina. While many cases of retinoschisis don’t require treatment, it’s essential to see a retina specialist regularly to monitor the condition and help prevent more serious complications.
Retinoschisis and Retinal Detachment
Retinoschisis is sometimes confused with retinal detachment, but they’re two distinct conditions. Retinal detachment occurs when the retina pulls away from the tissue beneath it. In contrast, retinoschisis involves a splitting of the retina itself. However, in some cases, retinoschisis can progress to retinal detachment.
Because the symptoms may overlap, distinguishing between the two can be challenging. A retina specialist can perform detailed imaging and testing to ensure an accurate diagnosis.
Types of Retinoschisis
Retinoschisis can be classified into two main types: congenital (juvenile) and degenerative (acquired).
Congenital (Juvenile) X-linked Retinoschisis
This genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in the RS1 gene and is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, primarily affecting boys and young men. It typically involves both eyes. Common symptoms may include:
- Crossed eyes (strabismus)
- Involuntary eye movement (nystagmus)
- Loss of central or peripheral vision
- Farsightedness (hyperopia)
Degenerative (Acquired) Retinoschisis
Degenerative retinoschisis typically develops gradually in middle-aged or older adults as part of the normal aging process. It occurs in two forms:
- Flat (typical)
- Bullous (reticular): Characterized by blister-like formations and a higher risk of retinal holes or detachment.
Symptoms may include:
- Flashes and floaters
- Distorted images
- Loss of central or peripheral vision
Some patients may not experience any symptoms.
Diagnosing Retinoschisis
Retina specialists use a variety of tools and imaging tests to diagnose retinoschisis, including:
- Ophthalmoscopy (also called fundoscopy): A detailed eye exam using a special scope to view the retina.
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT): A non-invasive scan that provides high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina.
- Electroretinography (ERG): Measures how the retina responds to light stimulation.
- B-scan ultrasonography: An ocular ultrasound that helps visualize the back of the eye.
- Genetic testing: May be recommended if juvenile X-linked retinoschisis is suspected.
Treating Retinoschisis
There’s currently no cure for retinoschisis, but many cases can be managed effectively. Some patients may benefit from glasses or low-vision aids to improve sight.
If the condition is stable and not threatening vision, treatment may not be necessary. In more advanced cases, especially when bleeding occurs or a retinal detachment develops, intervention may be required. Options include:
- Laser therapy to address bleeding from abnormal or fragile blood vessels
- Surgery (such as vitrectomy) in cases where retinal detachment occurs
Schedule an Appointment With a Retina Specialist Today
Although many cases of retinoschisis remain stable over time, regular monitoring is essential. A retina specialist can accurately diagnose the condition, identify early signs of complications like bleeding or detachment, and develop a plan tailored to your needs. The earlier these issues are addressed, the better the potential outcome for your vision.
At Southeastern Retina Associates, we use advanced diagnostics and treatments to help patients manage retinoschisis and a wide range of retinal conditions. If you’ve been diagnosed with retinoschisis or are experiencing symptoms like vision changes, flashes, or floaters, speak with your eye doctor. They may refer you to one of our retina specialists in Chattanooga, Knoxville, the Tri-Cities, or another location near you.