What Is Macular Edema? Causes, Symptoms, and When to See a Retina Specialist
Macular edema involves swelling of the macula, the tiny, yet crucial part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. This swelling can significantly disrupt vision and daily activities, like driving, reading, and recognizing faces, if not addressed.
Causes of Macular Edema
Macular edema is caused by leaking blood vessels, which often result from:
- Diabetic retinopathy: One of the most common causes of macular edema is diabetic retinopathy, where high blood sugar levels damage the small blood vessels in the retina, leading to leakage.
- Retinal vein occlusion (RVO): RVO occurs when a retinal vein becomes blocked, causing blood to leak.
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): This degenerative eye disease can lead to the formation of abnormal blood vessels in the retina, which can contribute to fluid accumulation.
Other potential causes include:
- Inflammation: Conditions such as uveitis (inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye) can increase the permeability of blood vessels, leading to edema.
- Eye surgery: Procedures involving the eye, particularly cataract surgery, can sometimes lead to retinal swelling.
- Certain medications: Some eye drops or systemic drugs may have side effects that contribute to macular edema..
- High blood pressure: Hypertension can affect blood vessels in the eye, leading to complications, including edema.
- Retinitis pigmentosa: This genetic disorder impairs the retina's ability to respond to light and can also cause fluid accumulation.
Symptoms of Macular Edema
Macular edema symptoms primarily affect central vision, causing:
- Blurry or distorted vision
- Straight lines that appear crooked, bent, or wavy
- Colors that seem faded or less vibrant
- Dark or blank spots in the central field of vision
- Difficulty performing tasks such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces
Symptoms often start subtly and worsen over time as swelling increases.
When to See a Retina Specialist
Regular, comprehensive eye exams are essential for early detection of macular edema and for starting treatment as soon as possible, which can improve vision outcomes. If your comprehensive eye doctor recommends that you see a retinal specialist, look no further than Southeastern Retina Associates. Our physicians utilize advanced diagnostic tools and treatment options to help patients manage macular edema and other retinal conditions. If you’re at risk for developing macular edema or have experienced any symptoms, please consult your regular eye doctor as soon as possible, and they may refer you to one of our offices. We see patients in Chattanooga, Knoxville, the Tri-Cities, and more.